Peptides.

Shortly about

The most popular peptides used across bodybuilding, athletic recovery, metabolic health, and anti-aging subcultures are categorized below by their primary mechanism of action.

1. Tissue Repair & Healing Peptides

Peptides in this category target systemic or localized inflammation, accelerating soft tissue, tendon, muscle, and gut repair.

  • BPC-157 (Body Protection Compound): Promotes angiogenesis (new blood vessel growth) to rapidly heal tendons, ligaments, joint injuries, and gut lining issues.

Extension Health

  • TB-500 (Thymosin Beta-4 Derivative): Upregulates actin (a cell building-block) to improve cell migration, reduce systemic inflammation, and speed muscle and soft-tissue repair.

Extension Health

  • GHK-Cu (Copper Peptide): Stimulates collagen production, skin remodeling, hair growth, and tissue repair while providing anti-inflammatory benefits.
  • KPV: An anti-inflammatory peptide derived from alpha-MSH, primarily used for severe gut inflammation (IBD/IBS) and skin issues like psoriasis.

2. Growth Hormone Secretagogues (GHS)

These compounds trigger the pituitary gland or hypothalamus to release the body's natural Growth Hormone (GH) pulses rather than introducing synthetic hGH.

Hone Health

  • Ipamorelin: A selective GH secretagogue that boosts GH output without elevating appetite (ghrelin) or cortisol levels.

Hone Health

  • CJC-1295 (No DAC / Mod-GRF 1-29): A Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone (GHRH) analogue that amplifies natural GH pulses; typically stacked with Ipamorelin.

Extension Health

  • CJC-1295 (With DAC): Contains a drug affinity complex that extends its half-life to several days, providing continuous elevation of GH and IGF-1 levels.
  • Sermorelin: A shorter-acting GHRH analogue used to stimulate natural GH production, often used in anti-aging and recovery protocols.

Extension Health

  • Tesamorelin: A GHRH analogue specifically developed and clinically used to reduce visceral abdominal fat while maintaining lean muscle tissue.

Hone Health

  • MK-677 (Ibutamoren): An oral ghrelin-mimetic that acts as a GH secretagogue, drastically increasing appetite, sleep quality, and baseline GH/IGF-1.

Hone Health

  • GHRP-2 & GHRP-6: Older-generation GH-releasing peptides; GHRP-6 causes extreme appetite surges, while GHRP-2 is a more potent GH pulse generator.

3. IGF-1 & Direct Anabolic Peptides

These peptides act downstream of growth hormone or target direct anabolic cell signaling pathways.

  • IGF-1 LR3 (Long R3): An altered form of IGF-1 with a long half-life that bypasses binding proteins, heavily promoting muscle cell hyperplasia (creation of new muscle fibers).
  • IGF-1 DES: A short-acting form of IGF-1 designed for localized, site-specific muscle growth post-workout.
  • PEG-MGF (Pegylated Mechano Growth Factor): Synthesized to mimic the tissue response to weight training, signaling muscle stem cells (satellite cells) to repair damage and expand muscle volume.
  • Follistatin 344: A myostatin inhibitor peptide used to temporarily suppress the protein that limits natural muscle growth capacity.

4. Metabolic & Metabolic Regulation (GLP-1 / GIP)

These peptides mimic gut hormones to slow gastric emptying, regulate insulin secretion, and reduce appetite.

  • Semaglutide: A GLP-1 receptor agonist that suppresses appetite and optimizes insulin sensitivity.

Hone Health

  • Tirzepatide: A dual GLP-1 and GIP receptor agonist offering stronger appetite suppression and metabolic rate enhancement.
  • Retatrutide: A triple agonist (GLP-1, GIP, and Glucagon) that increases fat burning directly via glucagon pathways while curbing appetite.
  • AOD-9604: A lipolytic fragment of the hGH molecule (C-terminus) designed to burn body fat without affecting blood sugar levels or cell growth.

HiTONE Fitness

5. Nootropic, Cosmetic & Specialty Peptides

  • Melanotan II (MT-2): Stimulates melanin production for skin tanning, while also acting as an aphrodisiac via central nervous system melanocortin receptors.
  • PT-141 (Bremelanotide): Derivative of MT-2 targeting sexual dysfunction, working directly on the brain to increase libido in men and women.
  • Semax: A nootropic peptide that increases BDNF (Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor) to enhance focus, memory, and cognitive speed under stress.
  • Selank: An anxiolytic nootropic peptide designed to lower anxiety and mental stress without causing sedation.
  • Epithalon (Epitalon): An anti-aging peptide that regulates telomerase activity to lengthen telomeres and optimize pineal gland function.

Peptides.Comprehensively about

1. Tissue Repair & Healing Peptides

  • BPC-157 (Body Protection Compound-157) Derived from a natural protective protein found in human gastric juice, BPC-157 works by accelerating angiogenesis—the formation of new blood vessels. By sprouting fresh vascular networks directly into damaged tissue, it delivers essential nutrients, oxygen, and growth factors to areas that naturally receive poor blood supply, such as tendons, ligaments, and cartilage. It also upregulates growth factor receptors (like VEGFR2) and directly heals the mucosal lining of the stomach and intestines.
  • TB-500 (Thymosin Beta-4 Derivative) A synthetic fragment of Thymosin Beta-4, a naturally occurring peptide present in high concentrations in blood platelets and wound fluid. TB-500 works by sequestering actin, a structural building-block protein vital for cellular structure and movement. This enables damaged immune and repair cells to migrate rapidly to the site of an injury. It drastically reduces systemic tissue inflammation and works synergistically alongside BPC-157.
  • GHK-Cu (Copper Tripeptide-1) A naturally occurring complex of copper bound to a tripeptide sequence found in human plasma. It acts as a gene-expression modulator, resetting thousands of genes to a more youthful state. It stimulates collagen and elastin synthesis, accelerates dermal and soft-tissue remodeling, and boosts superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity to neutralize free radicals.
  • KPV (Lysine-Proline-Valine) A tripeptide derived from the terminal tail of Alpha-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone (α-MSH). KPV exerts potent anti-inflammatory effects through intracellular signaling without activating melanocortin skin-tanning receptors. It enters target cells and directly inhibits NF-κB (Nuclear Factor kappa B)—the primary master-switched complex driving chronic cellular inflammation, making it targeted for inflammatory bowel disorders (IBD/IBS) and autoimmune skin flares.

2. Growth Hormone Secretagogues (GHS)

  • Ipamorelin A highly selective Ghrelin Receptor Agonist that binds to the Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor (GHSR) in the anterior pituitary gland. Unlike older secretagogues, Ipamorelin triggers a clean pulse of natural growth hormone (GH) without raising cortisol (stress hormone) or prolactin (which can cause gynecomastia).
  • CJC-1295 (Without DAC / Mod-GRF 1-29) A modified 29-amino acid analogue of naturally occurring Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone (GHRH). It binds to GHRH receptors on pituitary cells to signal GH release. Because it lacks the Drug Affinity Complex (DAC), it acts fast (half-life of ~30 minutes). When co-administered with Ipamorelin, it creates a synergistic "double-punch" release of growth hormone that mimics natural physiology.
  • CJC-1295 (With DAC) Incorporates a Drug Affinity Complex (DAC) that covalently bonds to circulating albumin in the bloodstream. This extends its biological half-life from 30 minutes to 6–8 days, elevating baseline GH and IGF-1 levels constantly rather than producing isolated, natural pulses.
  • Sermorelin An acetate salt form of the first 29 amino acids of human GHRH. It functions similarly to Mod-GRF 1-29 by binding to pituitary GHRH receptors, encouraging the pituitary gland to produce and secrete its own endogenous growth hormone.
  • Tesamorelin A stabilized, 44-amino acid GHRH analogue with an added hexenoyl moiety that makes it resistant to rapid enzymatic degradation. It acts specifically on the pituitary to stimulate GH, which downstream drives significant lipolysis (fat breakdown) with a strong affinity for visceral adipose tissue (VAT)—the deep, dangerous fat surrounding abdominal organs.
  • MK-677 (Ibutamoren) An oral, non-peptidic long-acting agonist of the ghrelin receptor. By mimicking ghrelin (the "hunger hormone"), MK-677 crosses the blood-brain barrier to trigger sustained, pulsatile secretagogue activity of GH and IGF-1 for up to 24 hours. A major side effect is a noticeable increase in appetite and transient fluid retention.
  • GHRP-2 & GHRP-6 (Growth Hormone Releasing Peptides) First-generation synthetic hexapeptides that stimulate the pituitary via ghrelin receptors. GHRP-6 strongly triggers ghrelin release in the hypothalamus, causing intense, immediate hunger pangs. GHRP-2 is slightly more potent at raising GH with less impact on appetite, though both compounds cause mild elevations in cortisol and prolactin.

3. IGF-1 & Direct Anabolic Peptides

  • IGF-1 LR3 (Long R3 IGF-1) An engineered 83-amino acid analogue of human Insulin-like Growth Factor-1. It contains a substitution of Glutamic acid for Arginine at position 3, plus a 13-amino acid N-terminal extension. This modification lowers its affinity for IGF-Binding Proteins (IGFBPs) by over 100-fold, allowing it to stay active in circulation for up to 20–24 hours (compared to minutes for native IGF-1) and driving hyperplasia (splitting and creation of new muscle cells).
  • IGF-1 DES (1-3 IGF) A truncated variant of IGF-1 lacking the first three N-terminal amino acids. This structural loss prevents binding proteins from deactivating it, but gives it a short half-life (~20–30 minutes). It is injected locally into specific muscle groups immediately post-workout to trigger rapid, localized cell receptor binding and pump-mediated hypertrophy.
  • PEG-MGF (Pegylated Mechano Growth Factor) A splice variant of IGF-1 (IGF-1Eb) expressed by damaged or overloaded muscle tissue. Native MGF signals local satellite cells (muscle stem cells) to fuse with damaged muscle fibers to rebuild tissue. Adding a Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) molecule prevents the body from breaking down the peptide rapidly, extending its half-life to several days so it can circulate systemically to speed muscle recovery.
  • Follistatin-344 An autocrine-glycoprotein inhibitor that directly binds to and neutralizes Myostatin—the body's natural genetic regulator protein that prevents muscles from growing too large. Blocking myostatin lifts the natural limits on muscle size, though it carries potential risks to tendon strength due to rapid tissue expansion.

4. Metabolic & Incretin Peptides

  • Semaglutide A GLP-1 (Glucagon-Like Peptide-1) Receptor Agonist. It mimics the natural gut incretin hormone released after eating. It acts on the brain's hypothalamus to suppress appetite, delays gastric emptying (keeping food in the stomach longer to prolong fullness), and optimizes glucose-dependent insulin secretion from the pancreas.
  • Tirzepatide A Dual GLP-1 and GIP (Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide) Receptor Agonist. By activating both receptors simultaneously, Tirzepatide enhances insulin secretion, improves glucagon suppression, and reduces appetite more effectively than GLP-1 selective agents alone.
  • Retatrutide A Triple Receptor Agonist targeting GLP-1, GIP, and Glucagon receptors. Adding glucagon receptor activation increases basal metabolic rate and energy expenditure directly in the liver and adipose tissue while GLP-1 and GIP keep appetite suppressed.
  • AOD-9604 (Advanced Anti-Obesity Drug) A synthetic C-terminal fragment (amino acids 177–191) of human Growth Hormone. It isolates the fat-reducing properties of hGH without affecting IGF-1 levels, blood sugar, or tissue growth. It stimulates lipolysis (fat breakdown) and inhibits lipogenesis (the formation of new fat storage).
  • 5-Amino-1MQ Technically a small-molecule enzyme inhibitor, often grouped with metabolic peptides. It selectively blocks Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT), an enzyme overexpressed in fat cells that slows down metabolic rate. Inhibiting NNMT preserves intracellular NAD+ and SAMe levels, boosting cellular energy production and converting energy-storing white fat into active, energy-burning tissue.

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5. Nootropic, Cosmetic & Specialty Peptides

  • Melanotan II (MT-2) A synthetic analogue of Alpha-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone (α-MSH). It binds non-selectively to Melanocortin receptors (MC1R through MC5R). Binding to MC1R stimulates skin pigment cells to produce melanin (tanning without UV exposure), while binding to central MC3R/MC4R receptors in the brain acts as a potent central trigger for libido and erectile function.
  • PT-141 (Bremelanotide) A metabolite derivative of Melanotan II that selectively targets central MC3R and MC4R receptors in the brain while largely bypassing the skin-tanning MC1R receptor. It acts on the central nervous system to directly stimulate sexual desire and arousal in both men and women.
  • Semax A heptapeptide synthetic analogue of ACTH (4-10). It crosses the blood-brain barrier to upregulate BDNF (Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor) and NGF (Nerve Growth Factor). It increases mental clarity, memory retention, and stress resistance by protecting neurons from oxidative stress and modulating dopamine and serotonin pathways.
  • Selank A synthetic hexapeptide based on the naturally occurring immunomodulatory peptide Taftsin. It acts as a stable anxiolytic (anti-anxiety agent) by modulating GABA receptors and slowing the enzymatic degradation of endogenous enkephalins (feel-good endorphins). It reduces anxiety and stress without causing drowsiness or sedation.
  • Epitalon (Epithalon) A synthetic tetrapeptide (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly) based on Epithalamin, a natural pineal gland extract. Its primary mechanism is activating telomerase—the enzyme responsible for rebuilding protective telomere caps at the ends of chromosomes. By maintaining telomere length, it delays cellular senescence and regulates pineal gland melatonin production. 

Anabolics. Shortly about

Breakdown of 14 Common Anabolics

1. Testosterone (Enanthate / Cypionate / Propionate)

  • Overview: The foundational male androgen hormone and the baseline for all AAS regimens.

Medical News Today

  • Muscle-Building Effects: Promotes significant lean muscle mass gain, nitrogen retention, overall strength, and recovery speed.
  • Side Effects: Converts to estrogen via aromatase, causing water retention, fat gain, and gynecomastia (male breast tissue enlargement) if unmanaged. Converts to DHT, accelerating male-pattern baldness and severe acne.

MSD Manuals+ 1

2. Dianabol (Methandrostenolone / Dbol)

  • Overview: One of the most famous oral bulking steroids.
  • Muscle-Building Effects: Triggers rapid gains in mass and explosive strength over short durations.
  • Side Effects: Highly hepatotoxic (liver stress) due to its 17-alpha-alkylated design. Causes heavy water retention, rapid spikes in blood pressure, and high estrogenic activity (gynecomastia risk).

3. Nandrolone Decanoate (Deca-Durabolin)

  • Overview: A slow-acting injectable popular for off-season bulking.
  • Muscle-Building Effects: Enhances joint comfort (via collagen synthesis and synovial fluid stimulation) while adding steady lean muscle mass and strength.
  • Side Effects: Acts on progesterone receptors, leading to significant libido disruption ("Deca Dick") and erectile dysfunction. Causes heavy natural testosterone shutdown and moderate water retention.

4. Anavar (Oxandrolone)

  • Overview: A mild oral compound frequently used in cutting phases or by beginner users.
  • Muscle-Building Effects: Promotes lean, dense muscle retention and strength gains without water weight or bloat.
  • Side Effects: Mild liver toxicity compared to other orals. Notably harsh on lipid profiles, severely lowering HDL cholesterol. Still suppresses natural hormone production.

Mayo Clinic

5. Winstrol (Stanozolol)

  • Overview: An oral or injectable cutting steroid used for physical hardness and athletic performance.
  • Muscle-Building Effects: Enhances vascularity, fat loss appearance, and raw strength without weight gain from water retention.

MSD Manuals

  • Side Effects: Causes severe joint dryness and pain. Oral forms are toxic to the liver. Harms blood lipid levels significantly and increases tendon injury risk.

DEA.gov+ 1

6. Trenbolone (Acetate / Enanthate)

  • Overview: An exceptionally potent, non-aromatizing injectable compound.
  • Muscle-Building Effects: Delivers unmatched muscle hardening, rapid fat loss preservation, and extreme strength gains.
  • Side Effects: Severe psychological side effects, including intense paranoia, aggression, insomnia, and anxiety. Triggers heavy sweating, cardiorespiratory strain ("Tren cough"), night sweats, severe lipid disruption, and strong natural suppression.

MSD Manuals

7. Anadrol (Oxymetholone)

  • Overview: An extremely powerful oral bulking agent.
  • Muscle-Building Effects: Rapidly dramatically increases body weight, strength, and red blood cell count.
  • Side Effects: High hepatotoxicity. Causes heavy fluid retention, severe headaches, elevated blood pressure, nausea, and non-aromatase-mediated estrogenic side effects.

MSD Manuals+ 1

8. Primobolan (Methenolone Enanthate / Acetate)

  • Overview: A mild DHT-derived steroid available in injectable and oral forms.

Medical News Today

  • Muscle-Building Effects: Steady, high-quality, dry muscle retention during lean or caloric-deficit phases.
  • Side Effects: Does not convert to estrogen (no bloat or gynecomastia). Low liver impact in injectable form, but can still cause androgenic effects like hair loss and lipid strain.

MSD Manuals

9. Masteron (Drostanolone Propionate / Enanthate)

  • Overview: An injectable cutting compound derived from DHT, often used late in contest preparation.
  • Muscle-Building Effects: Hardens muscle tissue, improves visual cosmetic detail, and acts as a mild weak anti-estrogen.
  • Side Effects: High DHT activity accelerates male-pattern baldness and androgenic acne. Offers minimal muscle-building benefits on its own and alters blood cholesterol negatively.

Mayo Clinic

10. Equipoise (Boldenone Undecylenate / EQ)

  • Overview: A long-acting veterinary-derived injectable structurally similar to testosterone.
  • Muscle-Building Effects: Slow, consistent gains in lean tissue accompanied by a notable increase in appetite and endurance (via elevated red blood cell production).
  • Side Effects: Polycythemia (abnormally high red blood cell count, thickening the blood), anxiety, slow conversion to estrogen, and prolonged suppression.

MSD Manuals

and hair thinning.

11. Halotestin (Fluoxymesterone)

  • Overview: An oral compound used primarily by powerlifters and strongman competitors shortly before events.
  • Muscle-Building Effects: Provides extreme gains in neural drive, aggression, and raw strength with zero muscle mass volume gain or water weight.
  • Side Effects: Extremely hepatotoxic. Causes intense aggression, severe cardiovascular strain, and harsh lipid destruction.

MSD Manuals+ 1

12. Sustanon 250

  • Overview: An injectable blend of four distinct testosterone esters (propionate, phenylpropionate, isocaproate, decanoate) designed for sustained release.
  • Muscle-Building Effects: Identical to pure testosterone—builds mass, strength, and speeds recovery.
  • Side Effects: Fluctuating hormone levels if injected infrequently, along with standard testosterone risks (gynecomastia, water retention, hair loss, suppression).

MSD Manuals

13. Turinabol (Chlorodehydromethyltestosterone / Tbol)

  • Overview: An oral steroid modified from Dianabol to prevent aromatization.
  • Muscle-Building Effects: Provides steady, dry muscle mass and endurance increases without fluid retention.
  • Side Effects: C17-alpha alkylated (liver strain). Harms HDL/LDL cholesterol levels and suppresses internal testosterone production.

MSD Manuals+ 1

14. Proviron (Mesterolone)

  • Overview: An oral DHT derivative used mainly as an ancillary compound rather than a primary builder.
  • Muscle-Building Effects: Binds strongly to Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin (SHBG), increasing free testosterone levels in the blood; enhances muscle hardness.
  • Side Effects: Poor at building tissue independently. Strong androgenic effects cause prostate strain, acne, and hair loss. Negative impact on cholesterol profiles.

Cleveland Clinic+ 1

Additional Profiles

15. Dihydroboldenone (DHB / 1-Testosterone)

  • Overview: A 5-alpha reduced derivative of Equipoise (Boldenone). It is a non-estrogenic injectable steroid that behaves chemically similar to a targeted form of DHT.

Geared Coaching

  • Muscle-Building Effects: Promotes dry, dense muscle mass, exceptional strength increases, and high physical hardness/vascularity without water retention. Often compared to a milder Trenbolone in terms of visual density.

Anabolic Planner+ 1

  • Side Effects: Notorious for severe post-injection pain (PIP) and tissue inflammation. Frequently causes distinct, severe lethargy and fatigue. It carries a high risk of androgenic side effects (hair loss, acne) and causes harsh disruption to blood lipid profiles (HDL suppression).

Geared Coaching+ 1

16. Trestolone (7-alpha-methyl-19-nortestosterone / MENT)

  • Overview: A 7-alpha methyl derivative of nandrolone. It was originally researched as a male contraceptive and hormone replacement agent due to its extreme potency and ability to maintain physiological function without needing a testosterone base.
  • Muscle-Building Effects: Exceptionally potent—estimated to be roughly 10 times more anabolic than testosterone by weight. Triggers massive, extremely rapid gains in raw muscle volume, nitrogen retention, strength, and overall size.
  • Side Effects: Converts to 7-alpha-methylestradiol (a very potent estrogen derivative), making it highly prone to causing severe water retention, high blood pressure, and fast-onset gynecomastia. Causes immediate and complete suppression of natural gonadotropins (HPTA shutdown) and can cause strong night sweats, heart rate spikes, and insomnia.

Biomogging

17. Methyltrienolone (Metribolone / R1881)

  • Overview: A 17-alpha alkylated oral derivative of Trenbolone. It is considered one of the most potent anabolic-androgenic steroids ever synthesized, originally designed for research purposes and to bind strongly to androgen and progesterone receptors.
  • Muscle-Building Effects: Milligram-for-milligram, it is exceptionally powerful (estimated to be over 100 times more anabolic and androgenic than standard testosterone). It promotes extreme, rapid gains in muscle hardness, neural drive, raw strength, and muscle density in microscopic doses (measured in micrograms rather than milligrams).
  • Side Effects: Infamous for extreme liver toxicity—even very brief use at sub-milligram doses can cause severe hepatotoxicity, jaundice, and dangerous spikes in liver enzymes. It causes severe cardiovascular strain, heavy suppression of natural testosterone, high blood pressure, and intense psychiatric side effects like extreme aggression, severe anxiety, and insomnia.

17-Alpha Methylated DHT Derivatives

Compounds in this family are chemically derived from dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and modified with a 17-alpha methyl group. This structural modification prevents rapid breakdown by liver enzymes, allowing them to be taken orally. Because they are DHT derivatives, none of these steroids convert into estrogen via aromatase, meaning they do not directly cause water retention or gynecomastia. However, the 17-alpha methylation makes every compound in this class inherently hepatotoxic (stressful to the liver) and harsh on cardiovascular health, specifically suppressing "good" HDL cholesterol while elevating "bad" LDL cholesterol.

Wikipedia

18. Methasterone (Superdrol)

  • Overview: A potent oral compound originally designed in the 1950s that gained popularity in the 2000s. It is chemically structured as 2α,17α-dimethyl-DHT.
  • Muscle-Building Effects: Triggers extreme, rapid increases in muscle glycogen storage, tissue density, and raw strength. Users gain full, "3D" looking muscle volume almost immediately without any subcutaneous water weight.
  • Side Effects: Extremely harsh on the body. Causes severe liver toxicity, debilitating lethargy, intense muscle cramps/back pumps, sharp drops in HDL cholesterol, and rapid suppression of natural hormone production.

Wikipedia

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